ClearSkin offers specialized treatment options for all skin problems. With affordable pricing, the latest technological advances, and promising results, we offer the best laser treatment for melasma.

Causes of Melasma

The pigmentation is a result of the overproduction of melanin. People who tan easily or have naturally brown skin are prone to melasma because they have more active melanocytes compared to people with lighter skin.

Melasma depends on your genetic predisposition. A few of the other triggering factors are:

• Sun exposure: Uncontrolled exposure to the sun is the leading trigger as UV light from the sun stimulates the melanocytes, increasing melanin production.
• Hormonal changes: Internal hormonal changes, as seen in pregnancy, stress, thyroid disorders as well as exogenous hormone treatments in the form of oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices, hormone replacement therapy, are all implicated in the triggering of melasma.
• Medications: Certain medications like anti-seizure drugs, anti malignant drugs could also act as triggers.
• Skincare products: Scented soaps, toiletries, cosmetics and skin care products that irritate the skin. This may increase melanin production and accelerate melasma symptoms.

Types of Melasma

• Epidermal melanosis: In this condition, excess melanin layers on keratinocytes are present in the epidermis. In fact, this type of melasma has patches with well-defined borders and responds well to treatment.

• Dermal melanosis: In this condition, the excess melanin may be deposited in the inner layer of skin called the dermis. Moreover, this type of melasma has unclear borders and does not respond well to treatment.

• Mixed: In this condition, pigmentation occurs in the epidermis as well as the dermis.

Patterns of Melasma

Melasma occurs on both sides of the face, indistinct patterns such as -

• Centrofacial pattern: This occurs on the forehead, cheeks, nose and upper lip. This is the most common pattern.

• Malar pattern: This occurs on the cheeks and nose.

• Mandibular pattern: This occurs on the jawline.

Melasma Treatment Methods

While there is no cure for melasma, many successful treatment options have emerged in current times. Whatever be the most suitable treatment for your skin, it is essential to keep your face and affected areas protected from the sun during and after the treatment. Other recommendations include avoiding the use of face washes and creams that may be an irritant for your skin as this may worsen melasma. 

• Hydroquinone: Hydroquinones help in reducing pigmentation due to melasma. They act by inhibiting an enzyme called tyrosinase that is essential for the production of melanin. It is considered a standard treatment for melasma. 

Hydroquinone is a lightening or depigmenting topical agent which is available in cream, lotion, gel, or liquid forms. In fact, it is available over the counter in low doses (2%), and by prescription in higher doses (4%). However, it causes darkening of skin with overuse at high concentrations. If this happens, it should be discontinued immediately. 

• Retinoids and corticosteroids: Retinoids resolve melasma by increasing skin cell turnover and allow fresh cells to form quickly. Tretinoin is the commonly used derivative and is even available in combination with hydroquinone or azelaic acid. It may lead to mild side effects like peeling, dry skin, and irritation. On the other hand, corticosteroids work by lightening the affected areas.
• Other topical medication: A range of creams is available for skin lightening. These creams don’t bleach the skin but instead, act on the pigment-producing cells that reduce the darkening of the skin. The most common compound in these creams is hydroquinone which inhibits the formation of melanin by the skin cells. Remember, that the effect of these topical creams is not permanent and requires at least three months to show results. Always wear sunscreen over these creams before stepping out. 
• Chemical peels: Chemicals are used to exfoliate the superficial layers of the skin. Chemical peels commonly use trichloro-acetic acid to exfoliate. The degree of pigmentation decides the concentration of the acid and the number of sessions required. Chemical peeling does have a few side-effects such as irritation, redness, and peeling. You will also need to make an allowance for recovery time after a chemical peel. The dermatologist will choose the type and strength of the chemical peel best suited to the individuals' skin type. In fact, only dermatologists must administer Chemical peels.
• Microdermabrasion: This non-invasive, non-chemical method of exfoliation uses vacuum suction and abrasive material. Microdermabrasion is usually used in combination with other methods of treatment for better results.
• Laser therapy: Different types of potent lasers have been used for the treatment of melasma. These include the Q-switched laser. Though they are one of the most effective forms of treatment for melasma with permanent results, the results have not been consistent. Treatment for melasma with lasers requires skilled and qualified doctors who may decide to couple the treatment with other procedures and creams for maximum effect. The cost of laser treatment for melasma depends on several factors. It is advisable to consult your specialist and understand the best treatment plan for you, which will then decide the cost of the treatment.
• Sun protection: Sun protection is one of the most important aspects of the treatment of melasma. Always wear a sunscreen with an SPF (sun protection factor) of at least 35. The sunscreen should be broad-spectrum, meaning it should offer protection against UV-A and UV-B radiation from the sun. Apply sunscreen at least fifteen minutes before you leave your house and re-apply every two to three hours. Sunscreens can be applied over any topical medication or creams.